• Typically higher‑power, three‑phase grid‑tied or hybrid inverters (often 20–300 kW per unit) that match the three‑phase low‑voltage distribution (e.g., 400 V / 230 V 3‑phase) common in C&I sites.

• Many are transformerless string inverters optimized for rooftop and ground‑mount systems, handling DC voltages up to 1000–1500 V.

Key features

• 3‑phase output provides smoother, more balanced power with lower harmonic distortion and reduced losses compared with single‑phase, which is important for motors, HVAC, and industrial loads.

• Common features include high efficiency (often 97–99%), multiple MPPTs, grid‑code compliance, surge protection, and advanced monitoring/EMS for self‑consumption, time‑of‑use shifting, and backup when configured as hybrid types.

Typical C&I use cases

• Rooftop or ground‑mount solar plants feeding 3‑phase switchboards for offices, factories, warehouses, and shopping centers.

• Hybrid C&I systems where the inverter integrates PV, batteries, and sometimes generators to provide peak‑shaving, resilience, and off‑grid or backup operation for critical loads.