MPPT Charge Controllers
A solar charge controller, also referred to as a solar regulator, serves as a solar battery charger positioned between the solar panels and battery. There are two main types: PWM and MPPT, with the latter being the focus here due to its enhanced charging efficiency, improved performance, and other benefits.
PWM solar charge controllers
As illustrated in the diagram, PWM controllers compel the panel to function at the battery voltage (12V), which is less efficient.
MPPT solar charge controllers
As depicted in the diagram, MPPT controllers allow the panel to operate at its optimal power voltage (Vmp), resulting in higher efficiency. As a general rule, MPPT charge controllers are recommended for higher power systems utilising two or more solar panels in series, or whenever the panel operating voltage (Vmp) exceeds the battery voltage by 8V or more.
